60 Germany. 



according to which fellings are to proceed in a breadth 

 of twenty to thirty-five rods from East to West. 



The application of a nursetree method for conifers 

 was proposed in 1787 by v. Burgsdorf (Prussia), a 

 dark position (Dunkelschlag) and a regeneration 

 period of seven years being advocated. 



In broadleaved forest, besides the selection forest, 

 the natural result of the sprouting capacity of the 

 hardwood had led tc a coppice method which was 

 extensively iclied upon for fuel production. This 

 was rarely, however, a simple coppice, for, intention- 

 ally or unintentionally, some seedlings or sprouts 

 would be allowed to grow on, leading to a composite 

 forest and finally to a regular coppice with standards 

 (1569, etc.), with an intentional holding over of the 

 valuable oak and ash for standards. Probably, how- 

 ever, large areas of unconsciously produced composite 

 forest exhibited sad pictures of branchy overwood 

 with suppressed underwood of poor sprouts, injured 

 by game and cattle a scrubby growth, into which 

 crept softwoods of birch and aspen. Attempts at 

 pruning such scrub growths into shape on quite an 

 extensive scale are on record. 



The recognition that more wood per acre could be 

 secured by lengthening the rotation of the coppice, 

 which seems to have been mostly twelve years or less, 

 led to twenty and thirty year turns and finally to 

 fifty, sixty and even eighty year rotations or so-called 

 polewood management (Brunswick, 1745), also called 

 Hochwald (high forest). 



A full description and working plan for such a forest 

 to be managed in eighty year rotation, the city forest 



