Methods of Forest Organization. 73 



In 1789, Bavaria also ordered a division into annual 

 felling areas. 



In all these methods of regulating the yield or 

 budget, the area played the main role, the volume 

 being only a secondary consideration. 



The first elaboration of a pure volume division was 

 made by Beckman in 1759. He estimated stock on 

 hand by trees and guessed more or less at the incre- 

 ment, allowing 2.5, 2, and 1% for the different sites, 

 and then made a year to year calculation of stock for 

 125 years. How the felling budget was finally deter- 

 mined is not known. 



Two methods were simultaneously devised in 

 Wiirttemberg in 1783, which form the transition to 

 the so-called allotment methods, making periodic age 

 classes of an equal number of years and allotting either 

 felling areas or volumes to each period of the rotation. 

 Incapacity of the officials prevented the application 

 of the one method, while the other, devised by Maurer, 

 remained also only a proposition. 



But, in 1788, Kregting in his Mathematical Con- 

 tributions to Forestry Science teaches a pure volume 

 allotment method with ten year age classes and 

 nearly all the apparatus which was afterward develop- 

 ed by Hartig, who in the next period dominated to 

 such a large extent the development of forestry in all 

 its branches. 



9. Improvements in Methods of Mensuration. 



In scientific direction, the mathematical disciplines 

 were the first to be developed; the natural sciences 

 received attention much later. 



