Methods of Organization. 119 



summary check by volume. The working plan is 

 only to secure a rational location and gradation of 

 age classes; the calculations of yields and specific 

 rules of management are lately confined to the first 

 period and are revised every six years. 



In Saxony, Cotta's area method was systematically 

 developed, and, as the larger part of Saxon forests is 

 coniferous, mainly spruce, the proper location of age 

 classes forms a special consideration for the progress 

 of fellings. The determination of volume and incre- 

 ment was left to summary estimates, and the area 

 division became entirely superior. The original idea 

 of Cotta that orderly procedure in the management 

 is of more importance than the actual determination 

 and equalization of yield still pervades the Saxon 

 practice. Since 1860, an attempt has been made to 

 calculate the rotation and determine the felling 

 budget on the principle of the soil rent, at least as a 

 corrective of the annual budget, and in general to 

 lean towards Judeich's stand management. 



In Bavaria, after various changes, a complete allot- 

 ment method of area and volume had come into 

 vogue, in 1819; but ,at the present writing (1911) an 

 entirely new and modern re-organization has been 

 begun, in which most modern ideas and especially 

 much freedom of movement, even to deviation from 

 the principle of sustained yield, is allowed. 



In Wiirttemberg, where, in 1818 to 1822, a pure 

 volume allotment had been introduced, in 1862 to 

 1863 the combined allotment method was begun, 

 the felling budget being determined in a general way 

 for the next two or three periods, and more precisely 



