146 Germany. 



when a third professor was added (now 16 with 8 

 assistants!). At the same time the lectures at Berlin 

 were continued by Hartig, until 1837. 



In Saxony, Cotta's private school became a state 

 institution in 1816, the forest academy of Tharandt, 

 with six teachers (now 13), and later, in 1830, an 

 agricultural school was added to it. 



In Bavaria, a private school was begun in 1807 at 

 Aschaffenburg. It was made a state institution, 

 divided into a higher and lower school, in 1819, but 

 was closed in 1832 on account of interior troubles and 

 inefficiency. It was re-opened and re-organized in 

 1844 with four teachers, and was intended to prepare 

 for the lower grades of the service. Meanwhile the 

 lectures at the University of Munich, supplementing 

 this lower school, were to serve for the education of 

 the higher grades. A reorganization took place in 

 1878, when a special faculty for forestry was estab- 

 lished at Munich, with Gustav Heyer as head pro- 

 fessor. This was done after much discussion, which 

 is still going on throughout the empire, as to the 

 question whether education in forestry was best 

 obtained at a university or at a special academy. 

 The present tendency is toward the former solution 

 of the question since railroad development has re- 

 moved the main objection, namely, the difficulty of 

 reaching a demonstration forest. Nevertheless, Prus- 

 sia retains its two forest academies Eberswalde and 

 Miinden (since 1868) for the education of its forest 

 officials, the other state academies being at Tharandt 

 and Eisenach, while chairs of forestry are found at 

 the universities of Tubingen (since 1817), Giessen 



