172 Austria. 



were, by 1888, placed under working plans of modern 

 style. Over 50% of the forest area of this province 

 is so regulated. One of the most modern working 

 plans based upon Pressler's soil rent theory and a 

 most intensive silviculture, is that of the Baron Mayr- 

 Melnhof on his estate Kogl. 



These details are merely brought forward to illus- 

 trate the great variation both in the progress of deve- 

 lopment and in the present conditions in different 

 parts of the empire, similar differences being found 

 in other portions. Suffice it to say that in round 

 numbers about fifteen hundred thousand acres are 

 managed under more or less intensive working plans, 

 and of the balance seven million acres are farmers' 

 woodlots on which only silvicultural treatment is 

 necessary. 



6. Development of Silviculture. 



The necessity for conservative forest use and refores- 

 tation did not arise as early in Austria as it did in 

 Germany. It was not until the middle of the 19th 

 century that this necessity became apparent in most 

 of the provinces, when German experiences in silvi- 

 culture could be readily utilized. 



In Bohemia, the clearing system with artificial 

 reforestation, mostly by seed, had been introduced 

 at the beginning of the century for the conifer forests, 

 planting as a rule being resorted to only in fail places. 

 For this planting, wildlings were mostly used. In the 

 broad-leaved forest, the selection system, and to some 

 extent the shelterwood method, were largely followed. 

 The strip system was also much employed, and, as 



