Forest Schools. 175 



7. Education and Literature. 



The first forest schools in Austria were established 

 through private effort, namely one in 1800 in Bohemia 

 by Prince Schwarzenberg, and another one in Moravia 

 by Prince Liechtenstein, these two being the largest 

 forest owners in Austria. In 1805, another private 

 forest school was opened in Bohemia, and at the same 

 time the state institute near Vienna came into exist- 

 ence. This was, in 1813, transferred to Mariabrunn, 

 and, after various changes in the character of the 

 teaching, was, in 1867, raised to the dignity of an 

 academy with a three years' course. In 1875, it was 

 transferred to the Hochschule fur Bodenkultur at 

 Vienna, an agricultural school, which had been insti- 

 tuted in 1872, intended to give the higher scientific 

 education in both forestry and agriculture by a three 

 years' course. The course was, in 1905, increased to four 

 years. During the years from 1875 to 1904, over 2,600 

 students in forestry alone had attended this excellent 

 school at which over 70 professors and instructors 

 are employed. 



For the lower grades of foresters, schools were from 

 time to time opened in addition to the private ones 

 first mentioned. Such so-called "middle schools," 

 were founded at Eulenberg (1852), Weisswasser (1855) 

 transferred to Reichstadt, and Lemberg (1874) ,at which 

 latter the course is two years in the Polish la'nguage, and 

 one at Bruck (1900), where the course is three years. 

 At present, there are five middle schools in operation. 



For the education of guards, three Forstwart schools 

 were instituted in 1881 and 1883, one each for Tirol. 



