Forestry Associations. 177 



the Moravian-Silesian Forestry Association, which 

 segregated from the mother society in 1850, first as a 

 section, and, having by 1858, attained a membership 

 of 1,000, it constituted itself as a separate association 

 in 1886. Besides these, many smaller ones exist in 

 Austria. In 1852, a general Austrian forestry associ- 

 ation was founded, which, in 1854, began the publica- 

 tion of a quarterly journal and held sessions in various 

 parts of the empire; but, by and by, the interest 

 seemed to flag, the attendance at the meetings became 

 smaller and smaller, and finally the assocition was 

 abandoned after a rival, the Austrian Forestry Con- 

 gress, had been organized in 1874, which later became 

 the Oesterreichische Reichs-Forstverein. 



In Galicia and in Bukowina, the foresters meet 

 as a section of the Society for Soil Culture. The same 

 method of forming forestry sections of the agricul- 

 tural societies is followed in others parts of the empire, 

 and at least a dozen or more other local foresters' 

 associations might be mentioned, in which owners of 

 forest properties are as fully represented as professional 

 foresters; and their activity is not only to be found 

 in literary labors, but also in practical work. In ad- 

 dition to the meetings of these local societies, repre- 

 sentative congresses have met annually at Vienna 

 since 1876, and have become powerful agents for 

 improving legislation and practice. 



Although, as was natural, owing to the difference in 

 conditions the forestry literature in Austria began 

 much later than that of Germany, a very active pro- 

 gress is noticeable since the middle of the last century, 



