182 Hungary. 



having been stripped, and no new clearings may be 

 made on such soils. Mountain forests, which are 

 classed as protection forests (around one million acres 

 or 5.4% of the forest area so classed), as well as en- 

 tailed properties, must be managed according to 

 working plans approved by the forest department. 

 The declaration of protective forests was to be made 

 by a commission within five years of the enactment 

 of the law. New planting for protective purposes 

 could also be ordered, and this under certain condi- 

 tions may be done by the interested, i.e., protected 

 parties, which may associate themselves for this 

 purpose. Violations of this law are liable to be pun- 

 ished by a fine for each acre, imposed annually as long 

 as the offense continues. Two-thirds of the whole 

 forest area is thus more or less under State supervision, 

 and working plans for over 12 million acres have been, 

 or are to be prepared by the government. An area 

 allotment method with a normal forest formula as a 

 check has been mostly employed in this work, which 

 is by no means as yet completed. 



To promote forest planting several nurseries have 

 been established by the government, from which 

 around 10 million plants are annually distributed 

 free of charge, and subventions for reforestation of 

 wastes are also granted annually. It is interesting 

 to note in this connection that more than 170,000 acres 

 have been planted to Black Locust, which is managed 

 as coppice for vineyard stakes. 



In 1884, a special fund for the purchase of forest 

 land by the State was instituted by turning all moneys 

 received from eventual sales of forest land into that 





