Present Forest Policy. 193 



opposition to the law continues even to date in some 

 cantons. 



Besides the unwillingness to submit to federal 

 authority, the lack of technically trained foresters 

 their employment being a requirement of the law 

 and the objection to their employment by the cantons, 

 who looked on them as disguised policemen, impeded 

 the progress of the reform. Until 1884, each canton 

 held its own examinations for forest officials, but in 

 that year a standard was enacted for employment 

 within the federally supervised territory. 



The most frequent quarrel was as to what was to 

 be considered forest and what pasture, so that finally 

 as a compromise a classification between the two, 

 called pasture woods, was introduced. 



It will be noted that the federal surveillance was to 

 extend only to the High Alps above a certain limiting 

 line. This limitation was removed, in 1898, by resolu- 

 tion of the Council, and change of the constitution, 

 by which the federal exercise of water and forest 

 police was extended over the whole country, and a bill 

 to carry this into effect was introduced. Finally, in 

 1902, a revised law was passed establishing fully the 

 present Federal forest policy. 



This law places the surveillance of all forest police 

 in all forests of Switzerland in the Bund, the private 

 forests as well as the public, i.e., State and communal 

 or corporation forests. But, as there are 'distinctive 

 differences in the manner of this surveillance, a differ- 

 entiation of ownership conditions and forest con- 

 ditions was to be made by the cantons within two 

 years. 



