Present Forest Policy. 195 



For other than protection forests the law provides 

 a number of restrictions, such as the following: Pas- 

 ture woods may not be decreased in area except by 

 permission of the cantons. Communal forests are not 

 to be subdivided without consent of the cantonal 

 government, except where two or more communities 

 have joint ownership, nor are they to be sold except 

 with such permission. Rights of user in public forests, 

 especially in protection forests, may be forcibly ex- 

 tinguished by the cantonal government, but under 

 appeal to the Bundesrath. Money equivalents are 

 to be the rule, territorial equivalents to be given only 

 by special permission. By 1902, over $300,000 had 

 already been spent in extinguishing 2,842 different 

 rights of user. The establishment of means of trans- 

 portation, roads, etc., is encouraged by subventions 

 from the Bund and in other ways. 



Private forests as far as they fall under the classifi- 

 cation of protection forests are subject to the same 

 supervision and rules as the public forests as regards 

 their survey, the prohibition of clearings except by 

 permission of the Federal Government, of diminish- 

 ing pasture woods, the extinguishment of rights of 

 user, the prevention of damaging use, and assistance 

 in establishing means of transportation. The cantonal 

 government is obliged to insure the execution of these 

 laws. 



In addition, while the law encourages co-operative 

 forest management of small holdings as larger units, 

 the Bund paying for the cost of effecting such co- 

 operation, it empowers the canton or the Bund to 

 enforce such co-operative management of protection 



