196 Switzerland. 



forest areas in specially endangered localities as at 

 the headwaters of torrential streams. Otherwise, 

 in the non-protective private forests, only the pro- 

 hibition of clearing except by permission of the 

 cantonal government, the obligation of reforesting 

 felling areas within three years, and of maintaining 

 existing pasture woods is ordered. Whereever on 

 private properties conversion of forest into farm or 

 pasture is permitted (after report of the forest ad- 

 ministration of Canton or Bund) an equivalent refor- 

 estation of other parts may be ordered. Wherever 

 by the reforestation of bare ground protective forest 

 areas can be created, this may be ordered, the Federal 

 or the Cantonal government contributing towards 

 such work; or else, if the owner prefers, he may insist 

 upon having his ground expropriated by the Canton 

 or other public corporation; the federal government 

 assisting in the first case to the extent of 30 to 50% 

 of the cost, and in establishing new protection forests 

 to the extent of 50 to 80%. 



Before 1902, under the law of 1876, some 16,000 

 acres had been reforested and put in order at an ex- 

 pense of over one million dollars, the federal govern- 

 ment contributing just about fifty per cent. In 1910, 

 the area of planted protection forest had grown to 

 25,000 acres. 



Besides the various restrictions with provisions of 

 penalties for disobedience (from $1 to $100 for each 

 transgression) and enforced execution by cantonal 

 government, there are a number of directions in which 

 the Federal Government makes contributions for the 

 purpose of encouraging conservative management. 



