Education and Literature. 201 



1885, the course being, in 1884, increased to three 

 years. Three professors of forestry besides the faculty 

 of the institution in fundamental and accessory 

 branches are active here, the number of students 

 averaging in the neighborhood of thirty-five. 



Two examinations, a scientific and a practical one, 

 the latter taken before a special commission, tests the 

 eligibility of candidates, foreigners not excluded, for 

 positions. For the education of the lower grade fores- 

 ters, the Cantons themselves are responsible, the Bund 

 only contributing by paying for teachers and demon- 

 stration material (about $1,250) to carry on cantonal 

 or intercantonal forestry courses. The courses usually 

 last from two weeks to two months, in succession or 

 divided into spring and fall courses; they are mainly 

 practical, and require candidates to be not less than 

 18 years of age and to possess a primary school edu- 

 cation. Their number must be at least 15, and not 

 more than 25. There have also been instituted speci- 

 ally conducted excursions and progressive under- 

 foresters' courses, as well as additional scientific 

 courses which the Bund subsidizes. 



In connection with the Zurich school, forestry 

 science and art are furthermore advanced by a well- 

 endowed central Forest Experiment Station, with 

 several substations and an annual budget of $10,000. 



The greatest credit for the advancement of forestry 

 and forest legislation is due to the Swiss Forestry 

 Association (365 members in 1911), which "was founded 

 in 1843, meeting annually in various places, managed 

 by a Committee of five elected for 3 years. This Asso- 

 ciation is subsidized by the Bund for its educational 



