Property Conditions. 259 



Toward the south, deciduous species are more 

 frequent, oak finally becoming the prevailing timber 

 and forming forests, with beech, maple, ash and elm 

 as admixtures. As the plains are approached pure 

 deciduous forest indicates the change of climate. The 

 forest of the Caucasus is principally of coniferous 

 composition. 



There are six classes of forest property: the govern- 

 ment domain; the apanage or imperial family (crown) 

 forests; private forests; peasant or communal forests; 

 institute or corporation forests; and forests of mixed 

 ownership in which government and private owners 

 participate. 



The larger part of the forest area of European 

 Russia is in control of the Crown or State, namely, 

 nearly 276 million acres, or a little less than two- 

 thirds of the whole, and a similar amount in Asia, 

 besides the so-called apanage forests of 14 million 

 acres set aside for the support of the court. Especi- 

 ally the northern forest is in government control, in 

 some governments (Archangel) the entire area; 67% 

 of the domain forest lies in the two governments of 

 Archangel and Wologda. 



In the less wooded districts State property, is in- 

 significant. The area under government control in 

 Europe and Asia is estimated in the official report for 

 1908 at around 957 million acres. This is-, however, 

 not the exclusive property of the State; only about 

 260 million acres are so claimed, the larger balance 

 includes 170 million acres which are to be apportioned 

 to the liberated peasants, 200 million acres in which 



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