260 Russia. 



the government is only part owner, or the ownership 

 is in dispute; and the rest is only temporarily placed 

 under the management or surveillance of the adminis- 

 tration. Yet, 60% in Europe and 13% in Asia is 

 exclusive State property. In 1907, the area in Europe 

 under working plans of the Forest Administration, 

 however, was only 48 million acres, 86 million having 

 been examined for working plans. Of the State 

 property in Europe 34% is spruce forest, 30% pine, 

 and 26% mixed conifer forest; altogether 88% of 

 coniferous timber. The Asiatic area is also over 80 

 per cent, coniferous. 



The apanage or crown forests, the yield of which 

 goes toward maintenance of the imperial family, com- 

 prise about 16 million acres, or 3.4%. Private forest 

 property to the extent of over 100 million acres (23%) 

 is most developed in the Baltic provinces and along 

 the Vistula. Mining corporations and other insti- 

 tutes own about 7 million acres. 



The peasants, who until 1861 were mere serfs and 

 had no ownership of any kind, being supplied with 

 their necessities by the landed proprietors, still largely 

 supply themselves in the northern provinces by the 

 exercise of rights of user from the public domain on 

 designated areas. In the central and southern pro- 

 vinces, farm and forest land, the latter to the extent 

 of nearly 40 million acres, were given to them in 

 communal ownership. As stated above, about 170 

 million acres classed as government domain still 

 awaits partition and cession to the peasants. 



