Literature and Practice. 273 



in Germany, France and Russia. Of other promi- 

 nent foresters who have advanced forestry in Russia 

 we may cite Count Vargaci de Bedemar, who made 

 the first attempt to prepare Russian growth and yield 

 tables in 1840 to 1850. 



Professor A. F. Rudzsky, who was active at the 

 Forest Institute until a few years ago, developed in 

 his volumes especially the mathematical branches 

 and methods of forest organization. The names of 

 Tursky, Kravchinsky and Kaigodorov are known to 

 Russian students of dendrology and silviculture, and 

 among the younger generation the names of Morozov, 

 Nestor ov, Orlov, and Tolsky may be mentioned. 



It is well known how prominent Russian investi- 

 gators have become in the natural sciences, and to 

 foresters the work of the soil physicists, Otozky and 

 Dokuchaev would at least be familiar. 



4. Forestry Practice. 



While then a very considerable activity in scientific 

 direction exists, the practical application of forestry 

 principles is less developed than one would expect, 

 especially in view of the stringent laws. So far not 

 much more than conservative lumbering is the rule. 



Generally speaking, the State and crown forests 

 are better managed than the private, many of which 

 are being merely exploited; and in the northern de- 

 partments large areas remain still inaccessible. 



Some notable exceptions to the general mismanage- 

 ment of private forests are furnished by some of those 

 owned by the nobility, like those of Count Uwaroff 

 with 150,000 acres under model management by a 



