274 Russia. 



German forester, and of Count StrogonofT with over 

 1,000,000 acres under first-class organization with a 

 staff of over 230 persons. 



A regular forest organization was first attempted 

 in the forests attached to iron furnace properties in 

 1840. By this time some 100 million acres have come 

 under regulated management, half of the area being 

 government forests. The method of regulation em- 

 ployed is that of area division and sometimes area 

 allotment according to Cotta. In some regions a 

 division by rides into compartments, ranging from 

 60 to 4,000 acres each, according to intensity of ex- 

 ploitation, has been effected. It is estimated that 

 at the present rate of progress it would take 300 years 

 to complete the work of organization. 



The selection method is still largely employed, a 

 felling budget by number of trees and volume being 

 determined in the incompletely organized areas; while 

 a clearing system with artificial reforestation is used 

 in most cases where a complete yield calculation has 

 been made. The rotations employedare from 60 to 100 

 years for timber forest, 30 to 60 years for coppice. 



In the pineries, the strip system in echelons is mostly 

 in vogue, the strips being made 108 feet wide, leaving 

 four seed trees per acre, and on the last strip, which 

 is left standing for five years, this number is increased 

 to eight which are left as overholders. This 

 method, according to some, seems to secure satis- 

 factory reproduction. To get rid of undesirable 

 species, especially aspen and birch, these are girdled. 

 In spruce forest, 50 to 60 per cent, of the trees are 

 left in the fellings, when after three to four years 



