296 Sweden. 



forest areas had imported a commission of German 

 forest experts (among them von Langen and Zanthier, 

 the same who had done similar work in Norway and 

 Denmark) with a view of systematizing the forest 

 use; but apparently without result. 



After much discussion of Radloff 's report, and con- 

 sultation with the provincial governors, who suggested 

 the propriety of different plans for different localities, 

 new legislation was had in 1810, 1818, 1823, and new 

 regulations for the crown forests were issued in 1824. 



Yet at this very time not only the partition of the 

 communal forests but also the sale of town forests 

 was ordered ; and this policy of dismemberment lasted 

 till 1866, over 1 million acres having been sold by that 

 time. Nor was any diminution in wasteful practices 

 to be noted as a result of legislation, and it seems 

 that, while on the one hand restrictive policies were 

 discussed and enacted, on the other hand unconserva- 

 tive methods were encouraged. Indeed, in 1846, the 

 then existing restrictions of the export trade were 

 removed; apparently a reversion of restrictive policy 

 had set in, and exploitation increased, in the belief of 

 inexhaustible supplies. On the other hand, encour- 

 agement of reforestation was sought by giving boun- 

 ties for planting waste land and for leaving a certain 

 number of seed trees in the felling areas, also by paying 

 rewards for the best plantations; all without result. 



Meanwhile a check to the wood trade had occurred 

 through the imposition of exorbitant customs duties 

 by Great Britain, and at the same time the govern- 

 ment imposed an export duty to discourage export 

 from Norrland, and this was not abated until 1857. 



