Administrative Development. 309 



the number of forest inspectors instituted by his 

 predecessor, and giving in detail the rules governing 

 forest use, many of which proved impractical. 



In 1725, a commission, the socalled forest and 

 sawmill commission, was appointed to organize a 

 forest service. It functioned until 1739, when the 

 first Generalforstamt was established and the first 

 attempt at real forest management was made. This 

 came into existence through the efforts of two famous 

 German foresters, J. G. von Langen and von Zanthier, 

 who with six assistants were called in from the Harz 

 mountains (as also afterwards to Denmark and 

 Sweden), during the years 1736 to 1740, to make a 

 forest survey and organize a management. De- 

 scriptions and instructions were elaborated in German 

 and the service was largely manned by German "wood 

 foresters" (holzforsterne). The strictness of the de- 

 partment which had been organized after von Langen's 

 departure in 1739, made it, however, unpopular, and, 

 in 1746, it was abolished, von Zanthier returning to 

 his country, the sole survivor, the other assistants 

 having succumbed to scurvy. The administration 

 was again placed in the hands of a commission which 

 continued till 1760. 



Only the forests connected with mines remained 

 under the administration as instituted, and those 

 belonging to the copperworks of Roras continued 

 under its forest inspectors until 1901. 



In that year, 1760, another shortlived attempt to 

 organize a forest administration was made, but the 

 new organization did not fare any better and was 

 superseded in 1771. Then followed an interim 



