Conditions in Italy. 335 



->^ ITALY . ^J> %p~> 



The efforts to secure improvement in the treat- 

 ment of forest resources have been more active and 

 strenuous in Italy than in Greece. They were in- 

 duced especially by the urgent need of protecting 

 watersheds, the rivers throughout Italy having been 

 turned into torrents by deforestation. But, owing to 

 the weakness of the government and to poverty, the 

 actual execution of the very good laws has lagged 

 behind. Indeed, while ample legislation has been 

 enacted, the people, overburdened with debt, and 

 needing the small income that can be derived from 

 pasturing or renting the pasture in the woods, make 

 it difficult to carry on any reform, and the enforce- 

 ment of the laws has again and again led to serious 

 trouble. "Forestry is a sore point in the national 

 economy of Italy, as it involves sacrifice of money and 

 time." Italy, therefore, is still in the transition period 

 from forestal rapine to forest culture. 



Densely populated (33 million on 110,600 square 

 miles), with fully one-fifth of its area unproductive, 

 or at least unused, and one-quarter of this almost or 



Bolletino ufficiale per V ainminstrazione forestale Italiana. 



Direzione generate dell Agricoltora : Relazione interno alt amministrazione 

 del boschi domaniali inalienabih. 



Various essays by Prof. Vittorio Perona of Vallambrosa in German maga- 

 zines; notably in Allgemeine Forst-und Jagdzeituug, 1882, 1888. 



Archeologiajorestale. Dell 'antica storia e giurisprudenza forestale in Italia. 

 A. Di Berenger, 1859. 



Maffei, Revista forestale. 



Italy. By Prof. VV. Deeke. 1904. 



II rimboschimento dello Appennino mendionale, by LuiGl SavaStano, 1893. 

 An exceedingly well written popular treatise on silviculture, which gives also 

 briefly insight into forest conditions and forest practices. 



I boschia e la nostra politic a Italiana, by Bertagnolli, 18S9. 



Italia moderna. 1901, article by Ll'NADONl. 



