Property Conditions. 339 



1886, (last official data) was placed at 48 million cubic 

 feet of workwood, valued at 3.4 million dollars, 223 

 million cubic feet firewood, valued at 4.1 million, 106 

 million cubic feet charcoal, worth 3.6 million, and 

 by-products to the large amount of 6.4 million dollars, 

 altogether a little less than 17.6 million dollars. Fire- 

 wood and charcoal, which represent over 80 per cent, 

 of the product, are, of course, furnished by coppice, 

 and in addition by the pollarded material, almost the 

 only fuel to be had. 



The ownership of the forest area is for the greater 

 part private (53 per cent.) and communal (over 43 

 per cent.), the State owning a little over 400,000 

 acres, less than 4 per cent. The State property being 

 so small, supervision of communal and private forest 

 has become the policy. 



The State forest is of two classes, the alienable, 

 under the Department of Finance, the larger part, 

 about 375,000 acres, and the inalienable, so declared 

 by law of 1871, which was then about 115,000 acres, 

 and was placed under a forest administration in the 

 Department of Agriculture; but of this about 20 per 

 cent, is not forest, and even in 1896, some of this small 

 area was sold so that now only 40,000 acres remain. 

 This area is to serve for demonstration of model 

 management, and to supply government needs. 

 Beech and oak with fir, pine and larch, mostly in 

 timber forest, characterize this property, which is 

 managed mostly in selection system. Curiously 

 enough, in 1888, the difficulty of disposing advantage- 

 ously of the old timber is complained of, due to lack 

 of means of transportation. The personnel of the 



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