Literature and Associations. 349 



The existence of a forest school naturally produces 

 a literature. While a considerable number of popular 

 booklets attempt the education of the people, who are 

 the owners of the forest, there is no absence of pro- 

 fessional works. Among these should be mentioned 

 Di Berenger's Selvicoltura, a very complete work, 

 which also contains a brief history of forestry in the 

 Orient, Greece and Italy. G. Carlos Siemoni's Manuele 

 aVarte j or estate (1864), and the earlier Scienza selvana 

 by Tondi (1829) are encyclopedias of inferior quality. 



In 1859, R. Maffei, a private forester, began to 

 publish the Revistaj or estate del regno d' Italia, an annual 

 review, for the purpose of popularizing forestry in 

 Italy, afterwards changed into a monthly, which 

 continued for some time under subventions from the 

 government. 



A number of propagandist forestry associations 

 were formed at various times, publishing leaflets or 

 journals, one of these UAlpe, a monthly, in 1902. 

 In 1910, the two leading societies combined into a 

 federation Pro montibus ed end affini, merging also 

 the Rivista forestate italiana with UAlpe, which serves 

 both propagandist and professional needs. 



SPAIN. 



"Poor Spain" is the expression which comes to the 

 lips of everybody who contemplates the economic 

 conditions of this once so powerful nation, almost 



Revista de Montes, a semi-official journal, established in 1877, is the best source. 



El Manuel de Legislacion y Administration Forestal, by Hilario Ruiz, and 

 Novisima Legislation Forestal, by Del Campo, 1901, elaborate the complicated 

 legislation up to 1894. 



