354 Spain. 



of the "montes." These also figure in the exporta- 

 tions of 15 million dollars, which to the extent of one- 

 half consists of cork (some 5 million dollars from 

 630,000 acres) and tanbark, while chestnuts, filberts 

 and esparto furnish the balance. In 1908, the im- 

 ports of lumber and staves alone amounted to 

 $7,382,000. 



In 1882, all the public forests produced from wood 

 sales only $900,000, but the value of the products 

 taken by rights of user was estimated at nearly twice 

 that amount. In 1910, the average income of the 

 forest service was reported as having averaged for 

 the decade in the neighborhood of 2 million dollars, 

 and the expense approximately 1 million, a net yield 

 of about 30 cents per acre on the area involved re- 

 sulting, the total cut being 5.7 million cubic feet 

 annually. 



The forest flora and its distribution is very similar 

 to that of Italy, and is described fully in two volumes 

 prepared by a special commission appointed for this 

 purpose. 



2. Development of Forest Policy. 



Spain is noted for its comprehensive legislation 

 without execution; it is also known that official re- 

 ports are rarely trustworthy, so that what appears 

 on paper is by no means always found in reality, 

 hence all statements must be accepted with reser- 

 vations. 



The forest laws of Spain are somewhat similar to 

 those of Italy, yet show less appreciation of the needs 

 of technical forest culture. The value of forest re- 



