394 India. 



at Pegu, Dr. McClelland, in 1855 laid down in states- 

 manlike manner an outline of a permanent forest 

 policy for the government, and introduced the first 

 professional adviser. 



In 1856, a German forester from Hesse, Dietrich 

 Brandis (afterward Sir) was installed as superinten- 

 dent of forests for Pegu with wide powers under con- 

 tract for 10 years, at a liberal salary, and pension 

 after retirement. The only possible check that could 

 at first be applied was to force the lumbermen to make 

 contracts, limit the diameter to which the exploitation 

 was to be allowed, and mark the trees to be felled. 

 This was done, naturally not without a large amount 

 of friction. 



The result of this experiment in forest conservancy, 

 as the English are pleased to call it, was so satisfactory, 

 that, in 1862, it was decided to organize a forest de- 

 partment for all India; Brandis was entrusted with 

 the organization, and, in 1864, he was appointed head 

 of the new department under the Secretary of Public 

 Works with the title of Inspector-General, acting as 

 adviser of the various provincial governments. 



The forests of India during the next 20 years during 

 which Brandis held office, were, province by province, 

 brought under the regime of the Imperial Forest 

 Department, although the provincial governments 

 retain full and independent administrative power. 



The first problem was to settle ownership conditions, 

 which was done in the manner described before, by 

 the act of 1865, and by later acts. 



The discontent which was created by this act came 

 very near wrecking the whole enterprise, and much 



