396 India. 



example of the Imperial government. Those of Mysore 

 and Kashmir and Hyderabad have placed this ad- 

 ministration under an imperial forest officer, fur- 

 loughed for this purpose, and derive handsome reve- 

 nues; the Kashmir forests of about 2500 square miles 

 yielding round $180,000; those of Mysore, near 2000 

 square miles, over $330,000, this largely derived from 

 sales of sandal wood; those of the Nizam of Hydera- 

 bad, with 5200 square miles in reserves and 4400 in 

 protected forests, deriving a revenue of $75,000, seven 

 times what it was ten years before. 



4. Forest Organization and Administration. 



The condition of affairs in the forest department can 

 be briefly summarized as follows for the year 1909. 



Total area under government control: 241,774 

 square miles, namely, Reserved, 94,561; Protected, 

 8,835; Unclassed, 138,378. 



Officials (in 1905): Higher grades, 312; Lower 

 grades, 1,663; Guards, 8,533. The controling staff 

 was in 1909 increased by 34; and numbers in all 

 other grades increased. 



Rounded off Expenditures, $4,500,000; Revenues, 

 $8,225,000; Net Proceeds, $3,675,000 (45% of gross). 

 Variation in the value of the rupee makes compari- 

 son with earlier years uncertain. 



In spite of the many difficulties, a poor market (no 

 market at all for a large number of woods), wild, 

 unsurveyed, and practically unknown woodlands, 

 requiring unusual and costly methods of organization 

 and protection, the forestry department has succeeded, 

 without curtailing the timber output of India, in so 

 regulating forest exploitation as to insure not only a 

 permanence in the output, but also to improve the 





