404 India. 



regular plantations and 36,000 acres taungyas (mostly 

 teak,) making a total of 112,000 acres, besides numer- 

 ous large areas where the work consisted merely in 

 aiding natural reproduction. 



But, in 1909, the plantations seem to have been re- 

 duced to 59,000 acres, (probably through failures), 

 the taungyas however increased to 84,000 acres, and 

 the budget for plantings and other cultural measures 

 formed a little over two per cent, of the gross revenues. 



We see then, that though the forests of India are 

 now, and will continue for some time to be little more 

 than wild woods with some protection and a reasonable 

 system of exploitation in place of a mere robbing or 

 culling system, yet the work of actual improvement 

 steadily increases in amount and perfection. 



In disposing of its timber the Government of India 

 employs various methods. In some of the forest dis- 

 tricts the people pay merely a small tax and get out of 

 the woods what and as much as they need. In other 

 cases, the logger pays for what he removes, the amount 

 he fells being neither limited in quantity nor quality. 

 The prevalent systems, however, are the permit 

 system, when a permit is issued indicating the amount 

 to be cut and the price to be paid for the same, and 

 the contract system, when the work is more or less 

 under the control of government officers and the ma- 

 terial remains government property until paid for. 

 To a limited extent the governments carry on their 

 own timber exploitation. 



Working Plans. Only a relatively small part of the 

 total forest area, each year, however, increasing, is as 



