422 Canada. 



indemnifying the seigneurs, or else by paying rent, 

 which was done mostly. 



Under English rule, the granting of lands, without, 

 however, the seignorial rights, was continued. In 

 1784, such grants were made along the St. Lawrence 

 and the Bay of Quinte to veterans of the loyalist army, 

 some 20,000, in lots of 200 acres for privates up to 

 5,000 acres for field officers. In 1791, every seventh 

 section was ordered to be set aside as Clergy Reserves 

 for the support of the Protestant Church, a measure 

 which created much friction, and formed, especially 

 in the Roman Catholic province of Quebec, a chief 

 grievance in starting the Papineau rebellion of 1837. 

 Some 3,300,000 acres were gradually withdrawn for 

 this purpose, and as far as possible leased to secure an 

 income. Some of these lands were sold after 1827, 

 and finally, in 1853, a statute was passed to sell the 

 remainder and turn over the proceeds to munici- 

 palities for educational purposes and local improve- 

 ment. 



Extensive grants and sales were made to lumber- 

 men and speculators. In this manner, by the granting 

 of 13,000 acres to an American, Philemon Wright, 

 in 1800, the great lumber industry of Ottawa was 

 started, and, in 1836, another American syndicate 

 secured about a million acres of grants. Out of the 

 50 million acres granted in aid of railroad construc- 

 tion, some portion must also have been in timber. 

 By all these methods as well as by small grants and 

 sales to settlers a large area of uncertain extent has 

 become private property. 



In Nova Scotia, nearly the entire government do- 



