430 Canada. 



Superintendent and a ranger system after the Ontario 

 pattern was organized, and the service has become 

 more effective. 



The need for more organized effort and advice led 

 to the establishment of special bureaus of forestry. 

 In Ontario, a Clerk of Forestry was established in the 

 Department of Agriculture in 1883, and, in 1895, he 

 was replaced by a Clerk in the Crown Lands De- 

 partment, later named Director of Forestry (Mr. 

 Thomas Southworth). .This office, later, was changed to 

 a Bureau of Forestry and Colonization, and a tech- 

 nically educated man was appointed as Provinci al 

 Foresteir, w ith a view of developing a forest manage-, 

 ment, at least in the Reserves. This movement, 

 however, soon collapsed for lack of appreciation; the 

 office was transferred back to the Departme nt of 

 Agriculture, which does not control any timberlands, 

 the Forester resigned, and the bureau was, finally, 

 in 1907, restricted to the colonization work, the for- 

 estry part being deliberately abandoned. 



Meanwhile the Province of Quebec pursued a more 

 enlightened course. To control the cut, a Culler's 

 office was established in 1842, which, however, only 

 checked the square timber, then the principal ma- 

 terial. In 1873, after various futile attempts to se- 

 cure better supervision, a corps of forest rangers was 

 created; but as they worked without organization 

 the results were only partial until, in 1889, they were 

 placed under seven chiefs or superintendents. In 

 1897, the number of superintendents were reduced 

 to one, but having to work with incompetent men, 

 political appointees, this improvement in headship 



