496 United States. 



realization of the seriousness of the situation. And, 

 within the first seven years of the century, the change 

 of attitude, at least, was almost completed in all parts 

 of the country, and among all classes, the lumbermen 

 and others depending directly on wood supplies be- 

 coming especially prominent in recognizing the need 

 and value of forestry. 



State after State came into line in recognizing that 

 it had a duty to perform, and in some way gave ex- 

 pression to this recognition, so that, by 1908, hardly a 

 State was without at least a germ of a forest policy. 

 Two principles had been recognized as correct and 

 were brought into practice, namely, that the forest in- 

 terests of the State called for direct State activity, and 

 that eventually the State must own and manage at 

 least portions of the forest area. The first principle 

 took shape in appointing single State foresters, (as 

 in Maine (1891 and 1903); in Massachusetts (1904); 

 in Connecticut (1903); in Vermont (1906); in Rhode 

 Island (1906)]; or Commissions or Boards [ as in New 

 York (1885), changed to a single commissioner with 

 Superintendent and State foresters in 1903; in Penn- 

 sylvania (1901); in New Hampshire (1893); Maryland 

 with a State forester (1905); Wisconsin, with a State 

 forester (1905); Indiana (1901-03); Louisiana, with 

 a State forester (1904); Michigan (1899); Minnesota 

 (1899); California (revived, with a State forester, in 

 1905); Washington, with a State forester (1905); 

 Kentucky (1906); in New Jersey, with a State for- 

 ester (1904); Alabama (1907).] 



A very important feature in these appointments was 

 the fact, that, more and more professional or technic- 



