SPRUCE FIRS. 17 



The seeds are small and nearly black, with thin transparent 

 oblong wings. 



A fine graceful tree, resembling Abies Smithiana,, from 80 to 

 100 feet high, with horizontal branches and pendulous branch- 

 lets. 



It is found on the mountains of Dewa and Matsu, in the 

 northern part of the island of Nippon, in Japan, and constitutes 

 a great part of the woods that are planted about the temples 

 near Youkahama. 



The Chinese name for this Fir is " Jo-bi-sjo" (common or 

 native Fir), and the Japanese " Torano-wo-momi" (the Tiger's- 

 tail Fir), on account of the long pendulous branches on old 

 trees resembling the tail of a tiger ; they also call it " Siro- 

 momi" (White Fir), in allusion to its timber being light- 

 coloured or almost white. 



No. 11. Abies eubra, Poiret. The Red or Arctic Spruce Fir. 



Syn. Picea rubra, Link. 



Abies rubra Californica, Hort. 



Arctica, Cunningham. 



rubra Arctica, Hort, 

 Pinus Americana, Gartner. 



Americana rubra, Waugh. 



rubra, Lambert. 

 Abies nigra, var. rubra, Michaux. 



Leaves solitary, very slender, awl-shajoed, rigid, sharp- 

 pointed, thickly and regularly scattered all round the 

 branches, somewhat four-sided, half an inch long, and of a 

 glaucous pale green colour. Branches horizontal and slender. 

 Cones oblong, egg-shaped, tapering regularly to both ends, pen- 

 dulous, about one inch long, and half an inch broad, and of a 

 reddish-brown colour. Scales round, somewhat lobed or divided 

 in the centre of the upper margin, and entire ; the middle 

 scales the largest, those near the apex the smallest, and more 

 wedge-shaped. Seeds very small, with short stiff wings. 



A tall tree, varying in stature according to soil and situation, 

 c 





