THE CEDARS. 63 



products. In Kunawur it is known as the " Kelmung" by the 

 Arian population, and about Simla as that of " Keloo," " Kelou," 

 and " Keoulee," all vernacular terms for resin or its extracts. 

 The Hindostanee names "Devadaru," "Deodara," and "De- 

 war," are all derived from "Deva" or "Derva" (deity), and 

 " daru" (timber or tree), and rendered by Sanscrit writers as 

 " Tree of God," " Spirit-Bearer," " Divine-tree," and " Lord of 

 Cedars." In Kafiriston the tree is called " Nokhtur," on account 

 of its prickly or pungent leaves; and the people of Nepal, 

 Cashmere, and Persia apply the same names and terms as those 

 used by the hill people in India, and hold it in equal veneration. 

 It has not yet been found in a natural state either in Eastern 

 Nepal or Sikhim, although these gigantic sons of snow fringe 

 the bare rocks and fix their roots where there appears to be 

 very little soil, on the lofty passes from Nepal to Cashmere ; 

 and, according to Captain Pemberton (in his " Report on the 

 Eastern Frontier"), the most southern point to which the 

 Deodar has yet been traced is the summit of the lofty ranges 

 immediately west of Munepoor, an interesting region, which, 

 with the Singfo Mountains, south-east of Assam, carry the 

 zone of perpetual snow farthest south in India. The Deodar 

 also grows to extraordinary dimensions on all the higher 

 mountains throughout the western Himalayas, and occurs in 

 vast forests in Kunawur, Kamaon, Kooloo, Mussoorie, and on 

 the Chumbra range in Kangara, at elevations varying from 

 G000 to 12,000 feet. At Rashulah, in Kooloo, a forest exists 

 with trees from 18 to 24 feet in girth, at four feet from the 

 ground ; and according to Dr. Jameson, of two trees measured by 

 him near Mulari, in Gurhwal, at an elevation of 11,000 feet, 

 one girthed 26 feet at three feet from the ground, and the other 

 27 feet ; but, as a general rule, the finest trees always are 

 found growing on the north side of barren mountains, in thin, 

 poor soil, formed from the decomposition of granite, gneiss, 

 mica, or clay-slate. Captain Johnson, in his " Excursion to the 

 Sources of the Jumna," states that the peaks on the northern 

 side of the Boorung Pass were completely hidden by forests 



