THE TRUE PINES. 235 



on the adult trees, and which are smaller than those of Pinus 

 sylvestris. They also name it " Aka-Matsu" (red Pine), on 

 account of its timber being of that colour, and very similar to 

 that of Pinus Sinensis. It is quite hardy. 



No. 7. Pinus Fremontiana, Endlicher, Colonel Fremont's 



Nut Pine. 



Syn. Pinus monophylla, Torrey. 

 ,, Llaveana, with a thin shelled seed, Hartiveg 



Leaves generally in twos, but not unfrequently in threes, or 

 singly, from one inch and a half to three inches in length, of a 

 glaucous green, more or less curved, very stout, rigid, and 

 ending in a spiny point. Sheaths very short, and rolled back- 

 wards on the older leaves. Seed-leaves from eight to ten, but 

 mostly nine in number, rather long, and very stout. Branches 

 numerous, the principal ones round the stem in whorls. Bark 

 smooth, and of a light-brown colour. Buds small, cylindrical, 

 and three-quarters of an inch long. Cones of a light glossy 

 brown colour, two inches and a half long, and one inch and 

 three-quarters broad, in the widest part, which is near the 

 middle; each cone contains from six to seven rows of scales. 

 Scales very thick, largest near the middle, bluntly pyramidal ) 

 slightly angular, and more or less recurved downwards, par- 

 ticularly the smaller ones nearest the base ; they are also 

 without any points. Seeds, wingless, oblong, or egg-shaped, 

 half an inch long, bright yellow, more or less stained with 

 dark brown, and the shells so thin, that it is very easily 

 broken between the finger and thumb. Kernels very pleasant 

 in flavour, and also nutritious, as it constitutes the principal 

 subsistance of the Indians who live in the mountains, where it 

 grows for nine months out of the twelve. It was first dis- 

 covered by Colonel Fremont during his exploring expedition 

 when crossing the Sierra Nevada, or Great Californian Moun- 

 tains, growing upon both sides, and extending over the top of 

 the great snowy chain for a distance of three hundred miles . 



