THE TRUE PINES. 275 



del Oro, and Real del Monte, in forests at elevations of from 

 8000 to 9500 feet. Timber of little use. It is tolerably hardy. 



No. 43. Pinus longifolia, Roxburgh, the Long-leaved Pine. 

 Syn. Pinus Serenagensis, Madden, 



Leaves in threes, very slender, three-edged, of a bright, 

 glossy green, finely serrated on the edges, and rather pendu- 

 lous, or curved backwards on the young tree, from 12 to 14 

 inches long, thickly set on the gross branches, particularly 

 towards the ends and upper parts of the tree. Sheaths one 

 inch and a quarter long, and permanent. Male flowers produced 

 in long, close clusters of many together at the ends of the 

 branches, round at first, but elongated as they open and blossom 

 in March. Cones either singly or in clusters, varying from 

 three to five in number, in regular whorls, five inches long, and 

 two and a half or three inches in circumference near the base, 

 more or less ovate, very smooth, glossy, and hard. Scales much 

 thickened at the ends, and with a large, thick, hooked beak, 

 one inch and a quarter wide in the larger ones, but more re- 

 curved and smaller towards the base, and full of resinous matter. 

 Seeds large, with rather long, narrow wings one inch and a 

 half long, and eaten by the hill people in India. 



This species attains to a height of from 60 to 100 feet, and is 

 confined in a great measure to the outer or lower ranges of the 

 mountains, commencing as low as 1000 feet above the level of 

 the sea, and rarely, if ever, attains a greater elevation than 

 7000 feet, but appears to have a very great power of endurino- 

 variations of climate ; for it seems equally at home in the hot, 

 damp valleys of Sikkim, as on the dry, stony hills of the Pun- 

 jab, where rain hardly ever falls, and it is at all seasons exposed 

 to a powerful and scorching sun. It is very common throughout 

 the whole region of the Punjab, and as far to the east as Bhotan, 

 occurring in all intermediate altitudes, and where, from the 

 diversity of climate and different aspects in which it grows, it 

 is known under various names. It also abounds in all the 

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