300 piNtfs, on 



feet in Kamaon, occurring above the Deodar. In Nepal it 

 attains an immense height, some trees being 150 feet high 

 near the Shatool Pass, and below Chansoo, in Kunawur, with 

 long horizontal branches, for the most part clothed to near the 

 ground, but inclining upwards so as to form a spreading cone, 

 rather than a large spreading head. 



It is one of the most common Pines of the central zone 

 throughout the whole Himalayas. Dr. Griffith states its most 

 eastern limits to be Bhotan, where it is called " Lumshing," 

 and its most western locality to be on the mountains of Kafir- 

 istan, near Jalalabad, where it is called " Piunee." It has not 

 hitherto been met with in Sikkim, and appears to be wholly 

 wanting in Central and N.W. Kamaon, but is the uppermost 

 and only Pine met with in the ascent to the Neetee Pass in 

 Gurhwall, at an elevation of 11,000 feet, and on both the north 

 and south faces of the Lamakaga Passes ; while, according to 

 Oapt. Gerard, its superior limit on the snowy range of Leem 

 is at an elevation of 12,000 feet, and its lowest one, near Deo- 

 rah, in Joobul, only 5000 feet, thus fixing the extreme limits 

 of Pinus excelsa at from 5000 to 12,000 feet of elevation. 

 Again, Mr. Winterbottom traced it to the mountains of Gilgit, 

 beyond Cashmere, its most northern habitat hitherto ascer- 

 tained, as Bhotan is its most southern, and Jalalabad its most 

 western limits. 



This is the " Kail," or " Kaeel " (sort of Pine), of the hill 

 people about Simla, the " Leem," of Kunawur, and the " Yari," 

 of Cashmere; also the Weeping Fir of the Himalayan travellers, 

 and the Chylla, or Cheel, of Kamaon and Gurhwal. 



Timber soft, white, and remarkably compact, producing in 

 great abundance a highly fragrant resinous turpentine. 



Dr. Wallich and some other travellers mention what they 

 consider varieties of this Pine, some with shorter, others with 

 greener leaves, and others with stiffer foliage, but all such 

 varieties no doubt arise from climate and elevation. 



This tree llowers about the end of May, and the cones re- 

 quire eighteen months to mature. 



