CONTENTS 



XIX 



VIII. Flower-groups {continued) : 



Nectar ..... 

 Nectar-guides .... 

 Protective Arrangements for Flowers 

 Shelter 



1. Pollen Flowers . 



2. Flowers with exposed Nectar 



3. Flowers with partly concealed Nectar 



4. Flowers with concealed Nectar 



5. Social Flowers with completely concealed Nectar 



6. Hymenopterid Flowers 

 Bee Flowers proper . 

 Humble-bee Flowers . 

 Bee-humble-bee Flowers 

 Wasp Flowers . 

 Ichneumon Flowers . 



7. Lepidopterid Flowers 

 Butterfly Flowers 

 Moth Flowers . 



8. Fly Flowers 



A. Nauseous Flowers 



B. Pitfall Flowers . 



C. Pinch-trap Flowers 



D. Deceptive Flowers 



E. Hover-fly Flowers 



9. Flowers pollinated by Small Insects 

 IX. Insects that Visit Flowers .... 



A. Membrane-winged Insects (Hymenoptera) 



B. Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) . 



C. Flies or Two-winged Insects (Diptera) 



D. Beetles (Coleoptera) 



E. Other Insects that visit Flowers 



F. Stages of Adaptation in Insects which visit Flowers 



X. Methods of Research in Flower Pollination 

 Supplement to the Introduction 



1. Joseph Gottlieb Kolreuter 



2. How Flowers attract Insects 



Bibliography of Flower Pollination 



List of Zoological Works 



Index of Zoological Names in the List of Zoological Works 



page 



95 

 . 96 



, 100 



, lOI 



105 

 108 

 no 



, 112 

 114 



115 

 116 

 116 

 119 

 119 

 121 

 123 

 123 



125 

 T27 

 127 

 128 

 130 



134 

 135 

 137 



137 



M5 

 169 



174 

 184 

 189 

 190 



195 



203 



203 

 204 



212 



373 

 381 



