HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF FLOWER POLLINATION 15 



Class I. Arrangements for temporary imprisonment. (Appa- 

 recchi a carcere temporaria.) The visitors fall into a cavity, and remain for 

 a time in captivity. 



1. Aristolochia type. 



{a) Micromyophilous form: Aristolochia Clematitis, pallida, rotunda, altissima, 

 ciliata, Sipho, tomentosa, and saccata; Ceropegia elegans, Riocreuxia torulosa, 

 Heterotropa asaroides, Asarum elegans, Thismia Brunoniania and clandestina. 

 Arum italicum and maculatum. 



(3) Sapromyophilousforvi : Aristolochia cymbifera, grandiflora, foetens, gigantea, 

 and cordiflora ; Sapria Himalayana, Hydnora africana and americana, Arisaema 

 ringens ; Arum crinitum, muscivorum, and Dracunculus. 



2. Cypripedium type. 



Cypripedium Calceolus and barbatum, Selenipedium caudatum. 



3. Coryanthes type. (Perhaps both ornithophilous and mellitophilous.) 

 Coryanthes macrantha, Stanhopea grandiflora, Gloxinia maculata, Gongora 



speciosa, Eutoxeres Aquila. 



Class 11. Lodger arrangements. (Apparecchi a ricovero.) The visitors 

 voluntarily spend some time in the flowers that protect them. 



4. Aspidistra type. 



(a) Micromyophilous form : Aspidistra elatior, Tupistra nutans, Ataccia cristata, 

 Tacca integrifolia, Asarum europaeum and canadense, Ambrosinia Bassii, Atherurus 

 ternatus, Arisarum vulgare and proboscideum. 



(5) Sapromyophilous form : Rafflesia Arnoldi, Horsfieldi, Patma, &c. ; Brug- 

 mansia Zippelii, Amorphophallus campanulatus, Dracontium polyphyllum, Simplo- 

 carpus foetidus. Arum triphyllum. 



5. Magnolia type. (Beetle flowers.) 



Magnolia grandiflora, &c., Nelumbium speciosum and luteum, Nymphaea alba, 

 Victoria regia, Euryale ferox, Paeonia INIoutan and albiflora, Calycanthus floridus, 

 Eupomatia laurina. 



6. Hydrangea type. (Beetle flowers.) 



Hydrangea quercifolia, Cornus paniculata and sanguinea, Ligustrum vulgare, 

 Fraxinus Ornus, Viburnum Opulus and Lantana; Sambucus nigra, Ebulus, and 

 racemosa; Crataegus Oxyacantha, Ornithogalum arabicum. 



7. Fig type. 



Ficus Carica, Sycomorus, and others. 



Class III. Tubular arrangements. (Apparecchi tubati.) The visitors 

 enter the wide corolla tube, only remaining there long enough to gather pollen or 

 suck nectar. 



8. Datura type. 



Datura arborea, sanguinea, and cornigera; Solandra laevis, Canna iridiflora, 

 Fuchsia macrantha, corymbiflora, and fulgens. Cereus grandiflorus and others. 



