THE HIGHER CRYPTOGAMIA. 7 



diately upon the other. These processes can be seen in the 

 cells of the wall of the lower part of the young fruit whose 

 cell-multiplication is in progress, and still more clearly in 

 the epidermal cells of young shoots. It is true that in the 

 cells of the fruit the chlorophyll-bodies are manifestly smaller 

 than in those of the epidermis. For this reason, however, 

 during the process of cell -multiplication which is con- 

 stantly going on from above downwards, no doubt can exist 

 as to the mode of succession and the signification of the 

 different states observed. The cells of the upper part of the 

 young fruit contain, without exception, two chlorophyll- 

 bodies. It would seem that here an ultimate division of 

 the cells commences, but is not perfected. In the inner 

 tissue of the stem the appearance of two chlorophyll-bodies 

 in one cell is unusual. I once saw between two such chlo- 

 rophyll-bodies a free nucleus ; it was united to both the 

 chlorophyll-bodies by a thread-like filament of granular 

 mucilage (PI. I, fig. 9). 



The position of the organs of fructification of Anthoceros 

 is not confined to any definite points of the flat stem. 

 Both in Anthoceros lavis and in A. punctatus, groups of 

 archegonia and antheridia are scattered about, apparently 

 without regularity ; in some instances occurring in great 

 numbers upon one shoot, in others being very sparingly 

 distributed. The first appearance of antheridia consists in 

 the separation from the underlying tissue of a circular 

 group of about sixteen cells of the upper layer of a very 

 young shoot. Hence arises a small lenticular cavity in the 

 cellular tissue, which is filled with a watery fluid, and only 

 covered by a single layer of cells * (PI. Ill, fig. 16). Its 

 basal cells divide by vertical, longitudinal, and transverse 

 septa. Certain of the smaller cells which thus originate 

 (six in number at the utmost in A. lavis, but amounting to 

 twenty in A. punctatits) grow into short papillae, which pro- 

 trude into the intercellular cavity (PL III, fig. 16). The 

 dome-shaped portion, which protrudes considerably into the 

 air-cavity, becomes separated by a septum from the primary 



* The large cavities in the interior of the cellular tissue of A. punctatus are 

 also formed by the separation of cells originally in close cohesion. These 

 usually die-shaped cavities contain at first a watery fluid, and afterwards air. 



