THE HIGHER CRYPTOGAMIA. 349 



that side which is turned away from the future place of 

 origin of the second root, than on the opposite side. The 

 consequence of this is that each new cap-shaped covering 

 layer of the tip of the root appears to be attached more 

 obliquely than the preceding one, and reaches higher up on 

 that side of the root which is turned towards the punctum 

 vegetationis than it does on the opposite side. 



Each newly-formed inner cell of the upper cells of the 

 second degree is first divided into unequal longitudinal por- 

 tions by a septum inclined inwards to the axis of the root, 

 the inner portion, that, namely, which is turned towards the 

 punctum vegetationis of the germ-plant, being the smaller 

 one. Both portions multiply immediately in all three direc- 

 tions. The two innermost cells which adjoin the longitu- 

 dinal axis of the root, and are turned towards one another, 

 remain about one step behind all the others in the process 

 of division by transverse septa, i. e., by septa at right 

 angles to the longitudinal axis of the root. Instead of 

 that division they each divide twice by longitudinal septa 

 at right angles to one another. Thus there is produced 

 within the root a string of sixteen longitudinal rows of 

 extended cells, situated excentrically, being nearer to the 

 inner side. This is the rudiment of the vascular bundle 

 (PI. XLVII, fig. 3). The cells of the outer surface of that 

 portion of the root, which,- as opposed to the root-cap 

 which peels off little by little may be called the persistent 

 portion, divide by radial longitudinal septa and by trans- 

 verse septa once oftener than those of the inner surface ; 

 the epidermis of the root consists of tabular cells four 

 times smaller than those adjoining them on the inside. 

 These divisions of the cells of the outer surface occur even 

 within the region which is protected by the transient cap- 

 shaped covering layers of the tip of the root ; they occur 

 on the outer side of the root, where these coverings do not 

 extend so high up, earlier (/. e., nearer to the tip of 'the 

 root) than on the inner side (PI. XLVII, fig. 3). 



Some of these circumstances attract but little attention 

 in the first root of the germ plant which is hardly as thick 

 as a bristle, in consequence of the inferior development of 

 the tissue destined to form the bark of the root. In order 



