394 



LEPIDOPTERA 



CHAP. 



like the surface of a shell. Psyche helix is, according to 

 Ingenitzky, 1 found in great numbers near Lake Issyk-kul in 



Central Asia, where the 

 larvae feed, in their snail- 

 shell-like cases, on a grass, 



Only 

 reared 



just like snails, 

 females could be 

 from these larvae. The 

 case of Chalia hockingii 

 (Fig. 197, C) consists of 

 little pieces of wood cut 

 to the proper lengths, and 

 spirally arranged, so as to 

 A c form a construction that 



FIG. 197. Baskets, or cases, of Psychidae. A, WOllld be quite a Credit to 

 Amictaquadrangularis;BApterona(oiCoch- snecies Til some 



l2>Ju>ra)vaIvata; C, Chalia hocking. 



of the Canephorinae we 



meet with long cylindrical cases, like those of Caddis-worms, or 

 of Tineid larvae. 



Eiley has given an account of several points in the struc- 

 ture and natural history of one of the North American basket- 

 or bag-worms, Thyridopteryx ephemerae/ormis ; one of his points 

 being the manner in which the newly hatched larva forms its 

 case. 2 This question has also been discussed by Packard. 3 The 

 larvae when hatched in unnatural conditions will make use of 

 fragments of paper, cork, etc., for the case ; the act of construc- 

 tion takes one or two hours, and the larva does not eat till the 

 case is completed. It walks in a peculiar manner, the legs of 

 the third pair being moved forwards together, as if they were 

 the prongs of a fork. 



This family is already one of considerable extent, but its 

 study, as already remarked, is but little advanced. Some 

 naturalists are inclined to place it among the Tineidae, but it 

 is connected with Zygaenidae by means of Heterogynidae. Mr. 

 Meyrick divides it, placing Psyche and Sterrhopteryx (the forms 

 representing, according to his ideas, the family Psychidae in 

 Britain) in the series Psychina which includes Zygaenidae. He 



1 Zool. Anz. xx. 1897, p. 473. This is probably Aptcrona cremdella, or one 

 of its varieties. 2 Bull. U.S. Dcp. Agric. Ent. x. 1887, p. 22. 



3 Ann. New York Ac. viii. 1893, p. 54> 



