400 LEPIDOPTERA CHAP. 



mouth-parts is a character common to them and several other 

 divisions of Lepidoptera ; but the labial palpi are peculiarly 

 formed in this family, being short and the greater portion of 

 their length consisting of an undivided base, which probably 

 represents some part of the labium that is membranous in 

 normal Lepidoptera. The thoracic segments are remarkably 

 simple, the three differing less from one another than usual, and 

 both meso- and meta-notum being much less infolded and co- 

 ordinated. The wings are remarkable for the similarity of the 

 nervuration of the front and hind wings, and by the cell being 

 divided by longitudinal nervules so as to form three or four 

 cells. On the inner margin of the front wing there is near 

 the base an incision marking off a small prominent lobe, the 

 jugum of Prof. Comstock. Brandt mentions the following 

 anatomical peculiarities, 1 viz. the anterior part of the alimentary 

 canal is comparatively simple ; the respiratory system is in some 

 points like that of the larva ; the heart is composed of eight 

 chambers ; the appendicular glands of the female genitalia are 

 wanting. The testes remain separate organs throughout life. 

 The chain of nerve ganglia consists of the supra- and infra- 

 oesophageal, three thoracic, and five abdominal, ganglia, while 

 other Lepidoptera have four abdominal. 



Fam. 24. Callidulidae. A small family of light - bodied 

 diurnal moths having a great resemblance to butterflies. In 

 some the frenulum is present in a very rudimentary condition, 

 and in others it is apparently absent. Cleosiris and Pterodecta are 

 very like butterflies -of the Lycaenid genus Thecla. Although 

 fifty species and seven or eight genera are known, we are quite 

 ignorant of the metamorphoses. Most of the species are found 

 in the islands of the Malay Archipelago, but there are a few in 

 East India. 



Fam. 25. Drepanidae (or Drepanulidae). (Hook-tips}. The 

 larger moths of this family are of moderate size ; many of 

 the species have the apex of the front wing pointed or even 

 hooked : some have very much the appearance of Geometrid 

 moths ; they resemble very different members of that family. 

 Oreta hyalodisca is remarkable on account of the very large, 

 transparent patch on each front wing, though the other species 

 of the genus have nothing of the sort. In the genus Deroca we 



1 Zool. Anz. iii. 1880, p. 186. 



