486 



DIPTERA 



CHAP. 



or covered in large part with hair. Legs slender, claims small, 

 without distinct empodium, usually with only minute pulvilli. 

 Proboscis very long or moderate, antennae three-jointed, terminal 

 joint not distinctly divided, sometimes large, sometimes hair-like. 

 This is a very large family, including 1500 species, and is of 

 great importance to both naturalist and economist. Two well- 

 niarked types, formerly treated as distinct families, are included in 

 it (1) the Bombyliicles with very long exserted rostrum, and 

 humped thorax ; and (2) Aiithracides, with a short beak, and of 

 more slender and graceful form. None of these flies are blood- 

 suckers, they frequent flowers only, and use their long rostrums in 

 a harmless manner. The members of both of these groups usually 

 have the wings ornamented with a pattern, which in Anthrax 

 is frequently very remarkable ; in both, the clothing of the body 

 is frequently variegated. Their powers of flight are very great, 

 and the hovering Bombylius of early spring is endowed with an 

 unsurpassed capacity for movement, remaining perfectly still on 

 the w T ing, and darting off wdth lightning rapidity ; Anthrax is 

 also most rapid on the wing. In Britain we have but few 

 species of Bombyliidae, but in warm and dry climates they are 

 very numerous. The life-history of these Insects was till recently 



unknown, but that of Argyro- 

 moeba (Anthrax} trifasciata has 

 been described by the French 

 naturalist, Fabre, who ascertained 

 that the species is parasitic on the 

 Mason-bee, Chalicodoma muraria, 

 that forms nests of solid mas- 

 onry. He endeavoured to dis- 

 cover the egg, but failed ; the 

 pare nt -fly oviposits, it appears, 

 by merely dropping a minute 

 egg while flying over the surface 

 of the mass of masonry by which 

 the grubs of the Chalicodoma are 

 Young larva ; B, adult larva ; c', protected. From this egg there 



pupa. France. (After Fabre.) ig hatche d a llliliute delicate V6r- 

 A, Greatly, B, C, slightly magnified. 



miform larva (Fig. 232, A). In 



order to obtain its food, it is necessary for this feeble creature to 

 penetrate the masonry ; apparently a hopeless task, the animal 



FIG. 232. Argyromoeba trifasciata. A, 



