LARGE-LEAVED MAGNOLIA. 13 
cylindrical, and of a vivid rose-colour when arrived at maturity. In the arrange- 
ment of the carpels and of the seeds, the fruit resembles those of the Magnolia 
umbrella and acuminata. It should be remarked, however, that it is destitute 
of the appendages visible on that of the last-mentioned species, especially when 
it is dry. 
Geography and History. The large-leaved magnolia is found in the moun- 
tainous regions of North Carolina, about ten miles from Lincolnton ; in Tennes- 
see, near the river Cumberland ; and in Georgia on the river Chattahouchie. It 
is also sparingly found in Tennessee, west of the mountains, at intervals of forty 
or fifty miles. 
This tree was discovered by the elder Michaux, in 1789, but was not intro- 
duced into England till imported by Messrs. Loddiges, in 1800. In France, it 
seems to have been introduced about the same time as in England ; and it appears 
to prosper better in the climate of Paris, as there, in the nursery of M. Godefroy, 
it has ripened seeds, from which, in 1S27, young plants were raised. 
The largest tree of this species in England, is at Arley Hall, the seat of the 
Earl of Mount Norris. In 1837, it was twenty-eight and a half feet high, with 
a trunk six inches in diameter, at a foot from the ground, with a head seventeen 
feet in diameter. 
In France, the largest Magnolia macrophylla is at Fromont, which in 1835, 
measured twenty-four feet in height, and the branches covered a space of fifteen 
feet in diameter. It had flowered every year since 1826, and ripened seeds in 
October, from which many young plants had been raised. 
In the Bartram botanic garden, at Kingsessing, near Philadelphia, there is a 
tree of this species thirty feet in height and six inches in diameter. 
Soil and Situation. In its natural habitat this species delights in cool situa- 
tions, sheltered from the wind, where the soil is deep and fertile. The soil, in 
which trees have attained the largest size in England, is a deep, dry sand, with 
a situation perfectly sheltered on every side, and slightly shaded from the mid- 
day sun. 
Propagation arid Culture. Neither this species nor the Magnolia umbrella 
can be readily grafted or inarched on each other, or on any other tree ; probably 
from the large proportion which the pith bears to the ligneous part of the shoots. 
It will root by layers with great difficulty ; but plants so raised, from the want 
of vigour, will probably not be of long duration. The only mode of general 
adoption is, to raise it from seeds. In order to preserve the power of vitality in 
the seeds, the same attention is requisite as in the preceding species. Young 
plants grow very slowly till they are thoroughly established, which will require, 
in general, two years. The annual growth of the shoots may vary from one to 
two feet ; so that in ten years a plant may attain a height of twelve or fifteen 
feet. This species may be considered as short-lived, and, like all trees of short 
duration, comes into flower when young. 
Properties and Uses. The wood, of this species is softer and more porous than 
the Magnolia umbrella, and has comparatively no value except for ornament. 
