116 .ESCULUS PA VIA. 
3. M. p. humilis (P. r. humilis, of Loudon.) Dwarf Small Buckeye. This 
is a diminutive, weak, straggling recumbent bush, only from two to three feet in 
height. 
4. M. p. discolor (Pavia discolor, of Loudon.) Two-colour ed-flovwred Small 
Buckeye. The whole plant of this variety, when young, is covered with pubes- 
cence. The leaflets are often somewhat doubly-serrate, sometimes smooth, and 
a little shining above. The inflorescence resembles that of the JEseulus flava, 
but the flowers are decidedly those of the tEscuIus pavia. They are large, showy, 
being yellow, white, pale, dull-red, or purple-variegated, continuing a long time 
expanding, and numerous, though they are but sparingly succeeded by fruit. This 
plant varies in height from three to ten feet, and when raised from seed, it is re- 
markable for its thick, fleshy, carrot-like roots, which, in free soil, penetrate per- 
pendicularly to the depth of eight or ten feet, as was the case in the Hammer- 
smith nursery, in England. 
5. iE. p. hybrida (Pavia hybrida, of Loudon.) The leaves of this variety are 
clothed beneath with velvety pubescence, the petioles are smooth, and the flowers 
yellow. The leaves and flowers of this form bear some resemblance to those of 
the iEsculus pavia discolor, but its flowers are more sparingly produced. 
6. iE. p. neglecta (Pavia ncglecta, of Loudon). The leaves of this variety 
have rufous down on the veins on their upper sides, are smooth beneath, and rather 
plicate. The flowers are pale-yellow, and veined with red. This is a tree re- 
sembling the preceding variety, and, like it, is apparently a hybrid between the 
iEsculus pavia and JE. pavia discolor. 
7. JEa. p. macrocarpa {Pavia macrocarpa, of Loudon.) This variety appears 
to be intermediate between some variety of ./Esculus hippocastanum and ^Esculus 
pavia. The leaves are large, smooth on the upper surface, and shining. The 
flowers are nearly as large as those of the common horse-chesnut, but with the 
petals less spreading, and of a pale-red colour, mixed with yellow. The 
branches are spreading and loose ; and the whole tree has an open, graceful 
appearance, and quite different from that compactness of form and rigidity of 
branches which characterize most of the larger trees of this genus. 
Geography and History. The small buckeye is found in fertile valleys and 
on mountains, from Virginia to Georgia, Louisiana, and Arkansas ; and is said 
also to be a native of Brazil and of Japan. It was introduced into Britain 
by Thomas Fairchild, in 1711, and since that time it has been generally culti- 
vated as an ornamental shrub throughout Europe. 
In England, at Ham House, in Essex, in 1835, it had attained the height of 
twenty-one feet, with an ambitus or spread of branches of thirty-two feet. At 
Wardour Castle, in Wiltshire, in twenty years after planting, it had arrived at 
a height of thirty feet. A plant of the dwarf variety was engrafted on the com- 
mon horse-chesnut by Messrs. Loddiges, at Hackney, and produced a beautiful, 
pendulous, low tree. 
In France, at Paris, in the Jardin des Plantes, a tree of this species attained 
the height of thirty feet in twenty-three years after planting. 
In Hanover, at Schwobber, there is a small buckeye over forty feet in height. 
At Philadelphia, in the garden of Mr. D. Landreth, there is a tree of this spe- 
cies, thirty years planted, which is twenty-five feet high, with a trunk three and 
a half feet in circumference. 
Properties, Uses, fyc. The wood of the iEsculus pavia resembles that of the 
common horse-chesnut, but is of no particular use, thus far, in the arts. On the 
authority of Elliott, the bruised branches, or powdered seeds of this tree are 
sometimes employed to stupify fish. When the water of small ponds is impreg- 
nated with them, the fish rise to the surface almost lifeless, and may readilv bf 
