Xanthoxylum, fraxi?ieum, 
THE ASH-LEAVED XANTHOXYLUM. 
Zanthoxylum clava herculis, 
Zanthozylum fraxineum, 
Zanthoxylum americanum, 
Xanthoxylum fraxineum, 
Clavalier a feuilles de frene, 
Eschenblattriger Zahnwehholz, 
Frassino spinoso, 
Prickly Ash, Thorny Ash, 
Toothache-tree, Great Prickly Yellow 
Synonymes. 
Linn-eds, Species Plantarum. 
Bigelow, Medical Botany. 
Tokrey and Grat, Flora of North America. 
IWilldenow, Linnaei Species Plantarum. 
De Candolle, Prodromus. 
Loudon, Arboretum Britannicum. 
France. 
Germany. 
Italy. 
New York. 
wood, Other parts of Anglo-America. 
Derivations. The specific name, fraxineum, is derived from the Latin fraxinus, the ash, from the resemblance of the 
leaves of this tree to those of the ash. The French name signifies Ash-leaved Club-tree ; and the German one, Ash-leaved 
Toothache-tree. 
Engravings. Bigelow, Medical Botany, pi. 59; Catesby, Natural History of Carolina, vol. i., pi. 26. ; Loudon, Arboretum 
Britannicum, vol. i., figure 153; and the figures below. 
Specific Characters. Leaves pinnate, of 4 to 5 pairs of leaflets, and an odd one ; the leaflets ovate, 
obscurely sawed, equal at the base ; the petiole round and devoid of prickles ; prickles in the situation 
of stipules. Flowers in axillary umbels without petals. The sexes dioecious. De Candolle, Prodromus. 
Description. 
" That unpitying pain 
Which plucks the nerves, close-sealing with a frown 
Ev'n beauty's lips, which the bold Ayrshire bard 
Wish'd in his patriot vengeance to entail 
On Caledonia's foes, yielded its rage 
To the rough genius of that lofty tree, 
Whose yellow armour bears in countless studs 
The horrid thorn." 
Traits of the Aborigines, 
HE Xanthoxylum frax- 
jjjil ineum usually grows to a 
height of twelve or fifteen 
feet, and sometimes to more 
than double that height. Its trunk ramifies 
some distance above the ground, and then 
branches out into a regular head. The whole 
tree, when young, is armed with powerful 
prickles, which are thick at the base, andi 
angular and sharp at the point, but become 
less so when old. The leaves are pinnate, a ; 
foot in length, often nearly glabrous when 
mature, and sometimes tomentose beneath; 
and in the place of stipules, there are straight 
thorns a third of an inch in length. The 
flowers, which appear in April, May, or June, 
are of a greenish or yellowish colour, with 
red anthers, and are succeeded by capsules 
containing large black seeds. 
Variety. A tree is recognized by botanists as belonging to this genus, grow- 
ing in North America, which does not differ from the present species, except in 
being thornless, and may bear the name of Xanthoxylum fraxineum mite. 
