COMMON CHERRY-TKEE. 259 
mitted to Russia, and was carried from the last-named country to England by 
the late Mr. John Fraser. In the account given of it, however, in the " Pomona 
Londinensis." it is stated to have been introduced into Britain from Circassia, 
by Mr. John Ronalds, of Brentford, in 1791 It is distinguished for its large, 
obtuse heart-shaped, shining, purplish-black fruit, with an uneven surface, con- 
taining a rich, tender, juicy, purplish flesh, and differs from many other varieties 
in hanging in clusters, which enables it to be easily gathered. It is a cherry of 
great excellence, bears plentifully as a standard, and when ripe, which usually 
occurs early in July, it readily commands, in market, double the price of the 
ordinary kinds. This tree is also valuable, not only for its fruit alone, but from 
its vigorous growth, spreading branches, and symmetrical form, it is well adapted 
for the purposes of ornament, and is worthy of general cultivation. 
x. Buttuer 's Yellow; Buttnersche gelbe Knorpelkirsche, of the Germans. 
This variety was originated by M. Biittner, of Halle, prior to 1803. It succeeds 
well as a standard, is a good bearer, and may be known by its roundish, yellow- 
ish fruit, of a medium size, containing a sweet, pale-yellow pulp, and is ripe 
about the middle of July. 
X. Waterloo, distinguished by its large, obtuse heart-shaped, purplish-red 
fruit, with a tender, purplish-red flesh, and is ripe in July. It is but a moderate 
bearer, and requires to have its branches trained widely apart. 
ft. Bigarreau or Graffion, a very handsome, and much cultivated fruit, par- 
ticularly for the London market. It is an abundant bearer, and may be known 
by its large, obtuse heart-shaped, white and red fruit, with a firm, sweet, whit- 
ish pulp, and is usually ripe by the end of July. 
'. Florence. This variety was introduced into Britain from Italy by J. A. 
Hublon, Esquire, in 1780. It does not bear well when young, but abundantly 
when the trees become older. Its fruit is large, of an obtuse heart-shape, and of 
a pale-amber and red colour, filled with a rich, sweet, juicy pulp. It ripens, in 
England, in August, and several weeks earlier at New York. 
. Hildesheim s Bate Bigarreau ; Bigarreau iardif de Hildesheim of the 
French ; and Hildesheimer spate Herzkirscfie, of the Germans. This variety is 
the latest of all the pale-coloured cherries, often not ripening, in England, before 
September. It is a good bearer, and may be distinguished by its heart-shaped, 
red and yellow mottled fruit, of a medium size, containing a firm, sweet, pale- 
yellow pulp. 
2. C. v. integrifolium. Entire-leaved Common Cherry-tree. The leaves of 
this variety are generally smaller, and of a deeper green than those of the C. v. 
undatifolium ; and have their edges plain, with the veins beneath, as they 
approach the margin, almost buried in the parenchyma, which is thicker than 
in the last-named variety. The petioles support the leaves erect, or at least 
from hanging loosely and pendent. The flowers expand widely, and the petals 
do not hang loose, but form a regular cup-shaped flower, with strong stamens, 
generally shorter than the style. Under this division may be recognized the fol- 
lowing varieties, that ripen in England at the time specified below, but later or 
earlier in the United States, according to the circumstances under which they 
grow. 
a. May Duke ; Royale hative, of the French. This variety forms a medium- 
sized or low tree, with an erect fastigiate head. It may be known by its large, 
roundish, dark-red fruit, with a rich, tender, juicy, red pulp, which usually 
ripens about the end of June. There is another variety nearly allied to this, 
called Jeffrey's Duke, which was originated by Mr. Jeffrey, nurseryman, at 
Brompton Park, in 1780. This tree differs from the May Duke, in being of a 
more compact growth. 
