4>4 MOR'JS ALBA. 
was as follows: Connecticut, 176,210 pounds; Massachusetts, 37,690; Penn- 
sylvania, 33,100; Ohio, 31,500; Tennessee, 25,090; Vermont, 10,990; Alabama 
7.170; Maryland, 8,530: North Carolina, 8,050; Virginia, 7,720; Georgia, 7,660 
South Carolina, 6,930 ; New York, 6,540 ; Kentucky, 5,810 ; New Jersey, 5,200 
Delaware, 4,580; Illinois, 4,250; Michigan, 1,730; Louisiana, 1,310; District of 
Columbia, 1,250; Rhode Island, 1,140; New Hampshire, 1,100; Indiana, 1,050, 
Maine, 850; Florida, 510; Mississippi, 270; Arkansas, 270; Missouri, 260, 
Wisconsin, 30. Total, 396,790. 
The largest white mulberry-tree in Britain, is at Syon, which has attained s 
height of forty-five feet, with a trunk nearly two feet in diameter, and an ambi- 
tus, or spread of branches, of about sixty feet. It bears an abundance of fruit 
every year. 
In France, in the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris, there is a tree of this species, 
which, in thirty-five years after planting, had attained the height of thirty-two 
feet, with a trunk one foot in diameter, and an ambitus of thirty-six feet. 
In Italy, at Monza, there is a Moms alba, two hundred years old, forty feet in 
height, with a trunk three feet in diameter, and an ambitus of fifty feet. 
Soil, Situation, Propagation, and Culture. The white mulberry is more ten 
der than the Morus nigra, and requires more care in the choice of a situation. 
A calcareous soil is said to produce the best silk, and situations that are humid, 
or those in which the roots of the tree can have access to water, produce the 
worst. A gravelly or sandy loam is very suitable ; and trees grown on hilly sur- 
faces, and poor soils, always produce silk superior to those grown in valleys, and 
in rich soils. 
This species may be propagated from seeds, by cuttings, or layers, and by 
grafting. To obtain seeds, the berries must be collected from trees known to pro- 
duce male catkins the preceding spring. The berries may either be gathered 
when quite ripe, and left to become dry before the seeds are separated from them; 
or they may be put into water as soon as they are gathered, and rubbed suffi- 
ciently hard to disengage the seeds, which may be cleansed from the pulp in the 
water, and then rubbed dry on a linen cloth, and sown immediately, or mixed 
with sand, and kept till wanted for use. In the south of France, the seeds are 
sown as soon as the fruit is gathered, and the plants come up the same autumn; 
but in colder climates, they are kept till spring, when they generally come up in 
three or four weeks, and require some protection, at first, during cold nights. In 
Germany, and in the northern parts of the United States, the young plants are 
commonly covered during the first winter, with dry leaves or straw; and this 
covering is often continued on the ground for three or four years, till the plants 
are thoroughly established, to protect their roots from the cold. Young plants 
are generally taken up and replanted the second spring, in rows four or five feet 
apart, or sufficiently far for the convenience of gathering the leaves. The Morus 
a. multicaulis, and several other varieties, are always propagated by layers or 
cuttings; the layers being made in spring or at mid-summer, and separated from 
the parent plant in autumn ; or by cuttings of branches, or truncheons, which 
will readily take root, and produce leaves for the worms the following year. 
Count Dandolo recommends grafting the species with the large-leaved varieties, 
near the ground, the third spring; but most writers on the silkworm appear to 
prefer seedling plants, or plants raised from layers or cuttings, to grafted ones. 
It has been asserted that trees raised from seeds are not only more hardy and of 
greater longevity, than those propagated by the other modes, but a given weight 
of their foliage will produce a greater quantity of silk. M. Pomier, in a treatise 
which he has written on this subject, recommends that the white mulberry be 
grafted on the Morus nigra; and the reason urged for the adoption of this plan 
is, that the white species commonly decays first at the root, while the black mul- 
