EUROPEAN OR FIELD ELM. 
Fifeshire, which is ninety feet high, with a trunk nine feet and Jitee inches in 
diameter, and an ambitus of fifty-one feet. 
In Ireland, the dimensions of several elms are recorded by Hayes, though the 
species is not named, it is presumed that some of them belong to the Ulmus care- 
pestris. Near Arklow, at Shelton, an elm had a trunk five feet and four inches in 
diameter at the surface of the ground. In theconnty of Kildare, there stood an elm, 
which, till the year 1762, was, perhaps, the finest tree of the species in the world. 
The diameter of the head, taken from the extremities of the lower branches, 
exceeded thirty-four yards; but in the end of that year the two principal arms 
fell from the trunk one night, apparently from their own weight, as the weather 
was perfectly calm. The timber contained in these branches sold for five guin- 
eas. In this situation the tree continued till the winter of 1776, when a violenl 
storm tore up the whole by the roots, with a great mass of soil and rock adhering 
to them. Some time previous to this, the trunk had been carefully measured, and 
was found to be thirty-eight and a half feet in circumference. It had been hol- 
low for many years; and the value of its timber by no means answered what 
might have been expected, from the sale of the two branches in 1702. There is 
said to be no certain record as to the age of this tree; but popular tradition -op- 
poses it to have been planted by the monks of St. Wolstan, some time before the 
dissolution of that monastery, which happened in the year 1538. In Kilkenny, 
at Mount Juliet, there is an Ulmus campestris one hundred and two feet in height, 
with a trunk four feet and two inches in diameter, and an ambitus of thirty-two 
feet. An elm, at Carton, the seat of the Duke of Leinster, is fourteen feel and 
eight inches in circumference near the base, diminishing like the shaft of a Doric 
column, and being thirteen feet in girth, at sixteen feet from the ground. 
The most remarkable Ulmus c. montana on record, as growing in England, 
is mentioned by Cook, in his treatise on "Forest and Fruit Trees." It stood in 
Sir Walter Bagot's Park, in Staffordshire, and attained the height of one hundred 
and twenty feet, with a trunk seventeen feet in diameter at the surface of the 
ground. It required two men five days to fell it, and it contained forty-eight loads 
of wood in the head; and yielded eight pairs of naves; eight thousand six hun- 
dred and sixty feet of boards and planks ; and the whole tree was estimated to 
weigh ninety-seven tons. 
One of the largest and most beautiful specimens of the Ulmus c. montana. in 
Scotland, is growing at Kinfauns Castle, in Perthshire, and is figured by Mr. 
Loudon, in his "Arboretum Britannicum." He represents it to be seventy feel 
high, with a trunk six feet and a half in diameter, and an ambitus of sixty feet 
In Ireland, at Bawn, near Mansfieldtown, in the county of Louth, there is a 
remarkable Ulmus c. montana, which is considered to be upwards of one hundred 
and twenty years old. In 1839, it was seventy feet in height, with a trunk nine 
feet and eight inches in diameter at the base, five feet and tour niches, at six feet 
above the ground, and with a head ninety feet in diameter. 
In France, the elm was scarcely known, as an ornamental tree, till the timeol 
Francis I. ; and it appears to have been first planted there to adorn public walks 
about the year 1540. It was afterwards planted largely, particularly in church- 
yards, by Sully, in the reign of Henry IV. ; and. by the desire ol that king, who, 
according to Evelyn, expressed a wish to have it planted in all the highways >n 
France, it became the tree most generally adopted lor promenades and hedge- 
rows. Many old trees existed at the period of the firsl ! rend, revolution, which 
were called "Sully," or " Rosni," and "Henri Una. re; names thai had been 
given them apparently to commemorate their illustrious planters. Bosc states that 
he himself had I seen some of these elms in Burgundy, with trunks ^ourtofive 
feet in diameter, which, though hollow, yet supported heads capable oi she 
some thousands of men. It is said that Henry LV. planted an elm m the garden 
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