502 
ULMUS AMERICANA. 
8. U. a. incisa, Loudon. Deeply-toothed-leaved American Elm. This variety 
differs from the others, in having the leaves somewhat more deeply serrated, and 
rather smaller, approaching nearer to those of the Ulmus campestris effusa, of 
Europe. 
9. U. a. longifolia. Long-leaved American Elm ; Ulmus longifolia, of Rafin- 
esque; a shrub, with smooth, slender, striated branchlets, eight or ten feet in 
length, native of Alabama and Tennessee. The leaves, which are three or four 
inches, long, about an inch wide, and smooth on both sides, are borne on short 
petioles, are thin, oblong-elongate, sub-cordate at the base, doubly serrated, and 
acuminate at the apex. 
10. U. a. obovata. Obovate-leaved American Elm ; Ulmus obovata, of Rafin- 
esque; a tree thirty or forty feet in height, a native of Kentucky and Illinois. 
The branchlets are terete, smooth, and rugose. The leaves, which are from four 
to six inches long, and three or four inches wide, are borne on short petioles, are 
obovate, acuminate, obliquely-obtuse at the base, doubly serrated, nearly smooth 
on the upper side, and villous beneath. 
11. U. a. grandidentata. Lar ge-loothed American Elm ; Ulrnus dentata, Yel- 
low Elm, of Rafinesque ; a tree, native of Alabama, with terete, smooth branch- 
lets. Its leaves, which are six or seven inches 
long, 
and three or four inches 
broad, are borne on petioles, at least an inch longer than in any other elm ; they 
are acute and entire at the base, obovate, with large, sub-equal, sharp teeth in 
the upper half, sub-acuminate at the end, and smooth on both sides. The flow- 
ers occur in fascicles, with the pedicels filiform, the calyx campanulate, the 
stamens exserted, and the pistil cuneate-oblong, bifid by the two styles. The 
samarae are fasciculate, peduncled, oblong, bifid, and fimbriate on the sides. 
12. U. a. alata. Cork-winged American Elm; Ulmus alata, of Michaux, 
Loudon, and others ; Orme aile, Orme fongeux, of the French ; Gejlugelte 
Ulme, of the Germans ; Wahoo Elm, of the British and Anglo-Americans. This 
variety forms a tree of a middling stature, com- 
monly not exceeding thirty feet, with a trunk nine 
or ten inches in diameter. The branches are gar- 
nished throughout their entire length, on two oppo- 
site sides, with fungous appendages, about a quar- 
ter of an inch in width, which have given rise to 
the name of alata, or winged. The leaves, which 
are borne on short petioles, are of an oblong-oval 
form, narrowed to an acute point, denticulated, and 
almost equal at the base. The flowers put forth in 
April, just before the unfolding of the leaves, and^4|| 
do not differ materially from those of the other elms. 
The 
samara?, which are much smaller than those 
of the Ulmus americana, are downy, and bear a 
dense fringe at the edge. This tree is indigen- 
ous to eastern Virginia, the maritime districts of 
Carolina and Georgia, to western Tennessee, and 
some parts of Kentucky. It is generally found on 
the banks of rivers, and in the great swamps enclosed by the pine-barrens. The 
wood of this variety is fine-grained, more compact, heavier, and stronger than 
that of the Ulmus americana. The heart-wood is of a dull chocolate-colour, and 
always bears a great proportion to the sap-wood. In some parts of the southern 
states, it is used for the naves to coach-wheels, where it is preferred for this pur- 
pose to the tupelo, (Nyssa,) being both harder and tougher than that wood; but 
ir is not particularly appropriated to any other use. This variety was introduced 
i i to Britain in 1820, where there are small specimens to be found in many of the 
collections. It is perfectly hardy in New York, as has been fully tested on the 
