THE LAND-LOCKED SALMON. 87 



The rivers which flow into Lake St. John all contain Wana- 

 nishe, which, however, do not ascend them in any great num- 

 ber till the autumn. The ova are well developed at the end 

 of September, and the fish are then on their way to the 

 spawning-beds, which are, as in the case of the Salmon proper, 

 gravelly shallows with a steady current over them. The 

 spawning season is at the end of October. The spring move- 

 ment of the fish from Lake St. John down into the Grande 

 Decharge, and the autumn movement up into the rivers flow- 

 ing into the lake, correspond with the spring and autumn 

 migrations observed at Schoodic Lake by Mr. Atkins. A 

 number of the fish, however, remain in the Grande Decharge 

 and evidently breed there and in its small tributary streams, 

 for the adults can be caught through the ice, and I have taken 

 parr and smolts at almost every part of the Grande Decharge. 

 These, however, may possibly have come down with the 

 spring freshets. On the other hand, I have repeatedly taken 

 adults there in September with milt and ova well developed; 

 the change of coloration, hooked lower jaw, indifference to 

 food, sluggish movements, and all the other characteristics 

 of Salmon near spawning-time, were well marked in them. 



The Wananishe reach their greatest size in that region in 

 the large lakes connecting with the rivers that flow into the 

 north side of Lake St. John after long courses over numer- 

 ous and very high falls. In Lake Tshistagama or Sautagama, 

 on the Peribonca River, the water is deep, cold, and abounds 

 with small food-fish. The Wananishe will not rise to the fly in 

 the lakes, but are readily caught with bait, a spoon, or the 

 artificial minnow. Specimens from this lake, weighing from 

 five to seven pounds, were found gorged with young White- 

 fish and another small fish, apparently a species of Smelt 

 (Ostnerus), but too much decomposed to be precisely iden- 

 tified. I observed a peculiar circumstance in connection 

 with these Wananishe on the Peribonca River, in Septem- 

 ber, 1885, at the Chute au Diable, a fall of about eighty feet 



