14 FOREST PROTECTION 



F. — Pasture in the Nationai, Forests: 



The pasture of sheep and goats is generally prohibited; cattle pasture 

 generally allowed. 



Sheep ranges and cattle ranges are kept strictly apart. 

 The Secretary of Agriculture determines annually the amount of pas- 

 turage permitted for each forest, viz: 



a. — The number of horses, cattle, sheep and goats to be admitted; 



b. — The beginning and the end of the grazing season; 



c. — The ranges actually to be grazed. 

 The stock of residents owning holdings within the forests is given pre- 

 ference over "neighboring stock." Only citizens of the State are en- 

 titled to grazing privileges. 



Under any circumstances, permits must be obtained through the super- 

 visor by stock owners intending to pasture on the reserve (the stock 

 of travelers and prospectors excepted). Sheep must be herded by a 

 herdsman. 



The sheep ranges are allotted separately, usually according to the re- 

 commendation of the local Wool Growers' Association. Promiscuous 

 sheep grazing is strictly prohibited. 



Permit holders are required to prevent and to fight fires without com- 

 pensation. 



G. — Protective Measures Meant to Safeguard the Timber Interests 

 OF THE Land Owner: — 

 I. — Animals : 



a. — Limit the number of animals admitted, 

 b. — Exclude goats. 



c. — Prevent cattle from following sheep. 

 II.— Time: 



a. — Prevent pasture in early spring. 



b. — Insist on close time during regeneration and up to the thicket 



stage. 

 c. — Close forest pasture periodically so as to allow tree seedlings 

 to escape the mouth of browsing animals. 



III. — Fencing: 



For cattle pasture, two or three strings of barbed wire are suffi- 

 cient. For sheep pasture three or four strings. 100 lbs. of barbed 

 wire form a string 1,600 to 1,900 feet long. 



Individual trees or seedlings, like orchard trees, are sometimes 

 protected by screens placed around the tree. 



IV. — Seedlings should be planted within the "bays" of tree stumps 

 after clear cutting wherever artificial regeneration is resorted to. 

 Seed planting should be avoided. 



