34 FOREST PROTECTION 



D. Against Lyctid^e, Ptinid^e, Bostrichid^ (Powderpost Beetles). 



(1) Use heart wood sticks for sticking in lumber piles. 



(2) Do not dead pile. 



(3) Spray piles with naphtaline or creoline-Pearson three times, per 

 season. 



(4) Impregnate all sapwood before using it. 



(5) Keep an eye on all parts of the yard continuously. 



(6) Infested pieces of timber should be thoroughly steamed, or im- 

 pregnated, or liberally treated with gasoline, kerosene, creoline, or kept 

 submerged for a number of weeks (compare Bureau of Entomology, Circu- 

 lar No. 55). 



III. PROTECTION AGAINST INSECTS INJURIOUS TO LEAVES, 

 NEEDLES AND BUDS. 



A. Against Lepidopterous Caterpillars. 



(1) Remove — possibly by fire — leaf mould, mosses, brush found at 

 bases of trees where such material forms the winter quarters for the insect. 



(2) Apply to the trees bands of burlap, 10" wide (compare Farmers' 

 Bulletin No. 99, p. 20), or bands of "Tree Tanglefoot"; in the latter case 

 either after the removal of the ross on the tree, or on a sheet of oiled paper 

 fastened round the tree. Usually, heavy thinnings precede the application. 



(3) Burn the webs of web worms. 



(4) Moisten egg heaps with creosote oil (e. g., for tussock moth). Use 

 a steel brush to destroy the eggs by rubbing. 



(5) Spray with washes, remembering, that the underside of the leaves 

 must be sprayed and that the job is well done only when the tree drips. A 

 common wash consists of one pound of Paris green and one pound of quick 

 lime dissolved in 150 gallons of water. An excellent wash is made from 

 arsenate of lime which adheres long, shows its presence by its white color 

 and is harmless to the leaves. See for recipe, also for description of power- 

 spray, New York Forest, Fish and Game Commission, IV. report, p. 10. 



(6) Protect insectivorous birds, snakes, lizards, toads. 



(7) Confine collected caterpillars as closely together as possible, so as 

 to breed deadly diseases amongst them (e. g., Empusa), or so as to invite 

 counter-plagues (Microgaster , Pimpla, etc.) 



(8) Catch the swarming moths by exhaust fans placed near strong 

 electric lights. 



(9) Allow of hog pasture. 



B. Against Tenthredinid^ (Nematus), Aphidid^b, Cocoid.«!, 



PsYLLIDiE. 



(1) Use of soap wash, prepared by dissolving soap in boiling water, 

 adding kerosene (New York Forest, Fish and Game Commission, IV. re- 

 port, p. 31); or arsenical insecticides, caustic washes, etc., (for which com- 

 pare Bureau of Entomology, Bui. No. 7, pp. 33, 37, 45, 51). 



